my handout

PARTS OF A FLOWER  NENE RINEA G. NITULLANO      PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION  nenerineanitullano@yahoo.com February 9, 2013
What is a Flower? A flower is the part of the plant that makes the seeds. The main parts of a flower are the carpels and stamens. These parts are often found in the center of the flower. There are egg cells in the carpel and pollen cells in the stamen. All flowers have four basic parts:  sepals, petals, carpels and stamen. Different flowers have different numbers and shapes of these parts. The Importance of a Flower
Flowers play an important role in making the life of a human being more cheerful and happy. People use flowers in several forms and on several occasions. Flowers are used as beautiful flower arrangements for decorating homes. They are also help people in proposing their partner for life, as well as flowers are used as a symbol of mourn and tribute on loved ones funeral. Apart from above said uses, there are several other uses of flowers in various activities of our daily life.

Flower Structure and Function Andromeda Botanic Gardens Flowering plants are the dominant type of plants on the earth today (there are about 250000 species). Flowers are therefore the most common plant organs for sexual reproduction.   Flowers produce gametes (sex cells). Flowers play a key role in pollination. Pollination is the transfer of pollen (containing the male  gametes), from the anther of a flower, to the stigma (receptive surface of the female part of the flower) of the same or a different flower. Parts of the Flower: Flower Part Form and Function Peduncle Flower stalk. Receptacle Part of flower stalk, bearing the floral organs, at base of flower. Sepal Leaf-like structures at flower base, protects young flower bud. Calyx All the sepals together form the calyx. Petal Located in and above the sepals, often large and colourful, sometimes scented, sometimes producing nectar. Often serve to attract pollinators  to the plant. Corolla All the petals together form the corolla. Stamen Male part of the flower, consisting of the anther and filament, makes  pollen grains. Filament The stalk of the stamen which bears the anther. Anther The pollen bearing portion of a stamen. Pollen  Grains containing the male gametes. Immature male gametophyte with a protective outer covering. Carpel\Pistil Female part of the flower. Consisting of the stigma, style and ovary. Stigma Often sticky top of carpel, serves as a receptive surface for pollen grains. Style The stalk of a carpel, between the stigma and the ovary, through which  the pollen tube grows. Ovary Enlarged base of the carpel containing the ovule or ovules. The ovary matures to become a fruit. Ovule Located in the ovaries. Carries female gametes. Ovules become seeds  on fertilization. The sex of a flower can be described in three ways: 1.      Staminate flowers:  Flowers bearing only male sex parts. These are sometime referred  to as "male flowers". 2.      Carpellate\Pistillate Flowers: Flowers bearing only female sex parts. These are  sometimes referred to as "female flowers". 3.      Hermaphhrodite\Complete flowers: Flowers bearing both male and female sex parts Quotes “What a lovely thing a rose is!" He walked past the couch to the open window and held up the drooping stalk of a  moss-rose, looking down at the dainty blend of crimson and green. It was a new  phase of his character to me, for I had never before seen him show any keen interest in natural objects. "There is nothing in which deduction is so necessary as religion," said he, leaning with his back against the shutters. "It can be built up as an exact science by the  reasoner. Our highest assurance of the goodness of Providence seems to me to rest in the flowers. All other things, our powers, our desires, our food, are all really  necessary for our existence in the first instance. But this rose is an extra. Its smell  and its color are an embellishment of life, not a condition of it. It is only goodness which gives extras, and so I say again that we have much to hope from the flowers.” ― Arthur Conan Doyle, The Naval Treaty    “I know a bank where the wild thyme blows,       Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows,       Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine,       With sweet musk-roses and with eglantine.”      ― William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream Types Of Flowers Flowers are wonderful creation of the nature to word, which always let everyone feel positive energy inside them. Flowers are of many colors various shapes with amazing fragrances, different Types of Flowers have different habitats and unique features as each flower color  shows different meaning to society e.g. white meant for peace red for love, yellow for friendship.  Peoples love to have flowers from their garden to bed room from private offices to public places because it just not only splash which we do but it’s beautiful part of our daily life which  always full us with life and also motivate with good energy. There are wide range of flowers available in the various parts o word but some of them which are  famous are as given below: Roses- over than 100 of species are available of roses with different colors and sizes with attractive  petals, most of roses are habitual to Asia few are to Europe and Africa also northern region  of America. Some of these species are Austin, Alba, Bourbon, Buck etc. Austin-English rose which is known for more its fragrance also called romantic flower Alba- famous garden white rose Bourbon- it comes in wide range of colors shapes and habitats Buck- Comes with layered arranged petals with great combination Grand flora- these are shrub or bushy roses with various varieties Miniature- this is small species which can be grown in pot Climber- it is great species to make climb on household and offices Tree Roses- these are made of hard woody stem, they need extra precaution during winters. Tulips – This is a beautiful species of flowers which is found on mountains Europe, Atlanta and a lot of places around 110 species are of tulips, peoples love to have tulips around them it was  originated from Netherlands and spread worldwide because of its goodness.                                  In many cases flowers are borne as a group on a common stalk, called an inflorescence.  They are many different types of floral inflorescences. The type of inflorescence present is sometimes used to aid in classifying flowering plants. Below are a number of common floral  inflorescences. Flowers are sometimes associated with prominent, often brightly coloured leaves called bracts.  In some instances (like in bougainvilleas, heliconias and  ginger lillies), the bracts are even more  colourful and outstanding than the flowers they surround. In the heliconia cultivar on the left, the large yellow  and red structures are bracts, while the small yellow structures within them are the actual flowers. The yellow shrimp plant, has large, showy yellow bracts, and smaller white flowers. What is the largest flower in the world?                                                                                               The Rafflesia arnoldii.   The flower with the world's largest bloom is the Rafflesia arnoldii.  This rare flower is found in the rainforests of Indonesia. It can grow to be 3 feet across and weigh up to 15 pounds! It is a parasitic plant, with no visible leaves, roots, or stem. It attaches itself to a host plant to obtain water and nutrients. When in bloom, the Rafflesia   emits a repulsive odor, similar to that of rotting   meat. This odor attracts  insects that pollinate the plant.                                                                       The Rafflesia arnoldii is the world's largest flower. Photograph by Harry  Wiriadinata and Suwito Alam from article inVoice of Nature, v. 84, August 1990, p. 14. Reference:  http://andromeda.cavehill.uwi.edu/flower_structure_and_function.htm

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